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In computer security, logging in, (or logging on or signing in or signing on), is the process by which an individual gains access to a computer system by identifying and authenticating themselves. The user credentials are typically some form of "username" and a matching "password", and these credentials themselves are sometimes referred to as a login, (or a logon or a sign in or a sign on). In ...
Corpus ID: 201651528. A longitudinal analysis of university rankings. Friso Selten, C. Neylon, +1 author Paul Groth. Published in Quantitative Science Studies28 August 2019. Economics, Education, Political Science. TLDR. The study provides evidence of the ambiguous nature of university rankings quantification of university performance, and ...
What Is Semantic Scholar? Semantic Scholar is a free, AI-powered research tool for scientific literature, based at the Allen Institute for AI. Learn More. About
Jan 24, 2023 · A statistical test for detecting the watermark with interpretable p-values is proposed, and an information-theoretic framework for analyzing the sensitivity of the watermarks is derived. Potential harms of large language models can be mitigated by watermarking model output, i.e., embedding signals into generated text that are invisible to humans but algorithmically detectable from a short span ...
Microsoft Academic Search was a free public search engine for academic papers and literature, developed by Microsoft Research for the purpose of algorithms research in object-level vertical search, data mining, entity linking, and data visualization. Although largely functional, the service was not intended to be a production web site and has all but been taken offline, as was originally ...
We evaluated the accuracy limit for estimating gravitational potential using optical lattice clocks by utilizing the quantum Cram\\'{e}r--Rao bound. We then compared the results for single-layer and multilayer optical lattice clocks. The results indicate that the lower bound of variance of the estimator of gravitational potential using finite-size optical lattice clocks diverges and recovers ...
Virginia Henderson’s need theory is considered close to realism and is applicable in Pakistani context and will enable nurses to improve the standard of caring by assessing patient needs and developing a pragmatic plan of care. Introduction: The application of nursing theories into clinical practice varies from context to context. But addressing the needs of patient is crucial in providing ...
