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  1. May 10, 2023 · Indian Ocean surface salinity increased during glacial intensification, peaking in glacial maxima. We find that this is due to rapid land exposure in the Indonesian archipelago induced by glacial...

  2. Apr 17, 2022 · Four water masses are identified for the surface of the Indian Ocean: The Arabian Sea Surface Water (ASSW), the Bay of Bengal Surface Water (BBSW), the Equatorial Indian Surface Water (EISW) and...

  3. Nov 9, 2020 · Salinity of the Indian Ocean Subtropical Underwater showed robust decadal variability during 2005–2019. This signal resulted from dramatic changes of mixed layer salinity in southeast Indian Ocean during strong and long-lasting ENSO events.

  4. Oct 1, 2019 · The Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO) and El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) modulate the salinity variability in the southeastern Indian Ocean, with low salinity anomalies occurring during the negative phases of the PDO and ENSO and high salinity anomalies during their positive phases.

  5. Oct 1, 2021 · Ocean salinity plays a crucial role in the upper-ocean stratification and local marine ecosystem. This study reveals that ocean salinity presents notable decadal variability in upper 200 m over the southeast Indian Ocean (SEIO).

  6. Jul 20, 2021 · For instance, freshwater advected from the Indonesian seas lowers the salinity from where it enters the south-east Indian Ocean at ~1015°S from the surface to ~600 m depth all the way across...

  7. Nov 26, 2021 · This review brings together new understanding of the ocean–atmosphere system in the Indian Ocean since the last comprehensive review, describing the Indian Ocean circulation patterns, air–sea interactions, and climate variability.