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The mouse bioassay developed for paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) can be used to monitor tetrodotoxin in pufferfish and is the current method of choice. An HPLC method with post-column reaction with alkali and fluorescence has been developed to determine tetrodotoxin and its associated toxins.
The toxin causes paresthesia and paralysis through interference with neuromuscular conduction. Tetrodotoxin is being investigated by Wex Pharmaceuticals for the treatment of chronic and breakthrough pain in advanced cancer patients as well as for the treatment of opioid dependence. Type Small Molecule Groups Investigational Structure
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Oct 19, 2015 · Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a potent neurotoxin responsible for many human intoxications and fatalities each year. The origin of TTX is unknown, but in the pufferfish, it seems to be produced by endosymbiotic bacteria that often seem to be passed down the food chain.
Oct 23, 2019 · Tetrodotoxin toxicity is commonly associated with the ingestion of pufferfish or certain other marine organisms, and can lead to severe and potentially fatal complications. Complications associated with tetrodotoxin toxicity: Neurological Symptoms. Tetrodotoxin primarily affects the nervous system.
Jan 3, 2022 · Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is one of the most potent natural marine toxins, which acts by selectively blocking the action potentials of voltage-gated Na+ channels along nerves, skeletal and cardiac muscle membranes, without changing the resting membrane potentials.
Tetrodotoxin (TTX), a highly selective and potent blocker of voltage-dependent sodium channels in motor nerves causes skeletal muscle paralysis and death. It is found in a variety of organisms including the puffer fish, in which its appearance depends on the presence of toxin-synthesizing bacteria.
Dec 16, 2019 · This review provides a comprehensive coverage of the history, biology and chemistry of tetrodotoxin (TTX). It traces the origin of this remarkable molecule all the way back to the ancient Chinese medicine records.
Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a potent neurotoxin known from a wide array of taxonomic animal groups from almost all over the world. This toxin was first detected in puffer fishes of the family Tetraodontidae, which is where the name tetrodotoxin was derived from more than 100 years ago.
Tetrodotoxin blocks axonal transmission by lowering the conductance of sodium at nodes of Ranvier. It is a selective sodium channel blocker that can block nerve and muscle conduction; action potentials are blocked while resting membrane potentials and resting membrane resistance are not affected.
Tetrodotoxin is an extremely potent poison (toxin) found mainly in the liver and sex organs (gonads) of some fish, such as puffer fish, globefish, and toadfish (order Tetraodontiformes) and in some amphibian, octopus, and shellfish species.
