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Lucas test is used to differentiate and categorize primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols using a solution of anhydrous zinc chloride in concentrated hydrochloric acid. This solution is commonly referred to as the Lucas reagent.
Lucas reagent is a solution of anhydrous zinc chloride (Lewis acid) in concentrated hydrochloric acid. It is used as a reagent to test alcohols and classify them in accordance to their reactivity. The reaction is a substitution reaction where the chloride of the zinc chloride gets replaced by the hydroxyl group of the alcohol.
An equimolar mixture of ZnCl 2 and concentrated HCl is the reagent. The alcohol is protonated, the H 2 O group formed leaves, forming a carbocation, and the nucleophile Cl − (which is present in excess) readily attacks the carbocation, forming the chloroalkane.
The Lucas Test is the test that is performed by using Lucas reagent with alcohols to distinguish primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols. In this carbocation is formed as intermediate and it follows a unimolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction mechanism.
May 15, 2023 · In the Lucas test, a solution of anhydrous zinc chloride in concentrated hydrochloric acid is used to differentiate between the three categories of alcohols i.e. primary, secondary and tertiary alcohol. The solution of anhydrous zinc chloride in concentrated hydrochloric acid is known as Lucas reagent.
The Lucas reagent (concentrated \(\ce{HCl}\) and \(\ce{ZnCl_2}\)) is a test for some alcohols. Alcohols can react through an \(S_\text{N}1\) mechanism to produce alkyl halides that are insoluble in the aqueous solution and appear as a white precipitate or cloudiness.
Lucas reagent converts alcohols to alkyl chlorides: tertiary alcohols fastest followed by secondary alcohols; primary alcohols do not react to any significant extent. Thus, Lucas reagent can help distinguish among primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols due to going through a substitution reaction.
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