▪ Mary I (1516–58), daughter of Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon, reigned 1553–8; known as Mary Tudor or Bloody Mary. In an attempt to reverse the country's turn towards Protestantism she instigated the series of religious persecutions by which she earned her nickname.
▪ Mary II (1662–94), daughter of James II, reigned 1689–94. Having been invited to replace her Catholic father on the throne after his deposition in 1689, she insisted that her husband, William of Orange, be crowned along with her.
